Emperor Akihito

You may be familiar with the almighty emperor watching over Japan, being regarded as the highest power of authority there is – and that his word is the only word. Let me introduce you to the current emperor – Emperor Akihito! He’s regarded as a symbol of strength and peace for the country and of unity of its citizens. Born on the 23^rd of December, one day before Christmas Eve the date is set as national holiday. The Japanese word for Emperor is Tennou (天皇) meaning a great king come from heaven. Once upon a time, China was so strong that Japan was about to be taken over especially about cultural disputes. However, the emperor at that time dared to be called Tennou, such a name that sounds like ‘superior’ to Chinese king. Then, the Chinese king got angry but luckily they didn’t attack Japan because they didn’t have spare resources as they were fighting against Korea. Since that moment, Japan has developed its uniqueness which are different from China. Historical dilemmas aside, what does Emperor Akihito do?

Firstly, his humble demeanour resulted in him marrying a commoner – and at one stage vowed to consider lifting the rule in which only males could be heir to the throne. Common misconceptions of the role he plays can include the execution of political decisions however practically the prime minister does that duty. The Japanese government always respects and adheres to his word but is independent of royal family.  Rather, Emperor Akihito is humanitarian whilst he prays for peace of Japan and happiness of citizens every day. He occasionally conducts diplomatic activities to keep peaceful relationship with other countries. Japan has not engaged in war since World WarⅡ, thanks to this duty. He is indeed at the top position of Japan and as such – you may recall from our bowing post - even American president, Barrack Obama bows at 45 degrees (Saikeirei) toward him; even if he did end up in handshake bow!

For a more detailed understanding on this topic and check out these links:

• http://web-japan.org/kidsweb/explore/imperial/q1.html
• http://www.biography.com/people/akihito-9178272
• http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2135.html

Special Announcement!

Hi bloggers, I'm excited to announce and invite you to the 2015 Japan Culture and Art Festival!!!


When: Sunday 11th October 2015
Address: 140 Hoddle Street, Collingwood,Vic, 3067, Australia.
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/events/1640468042838114/

Manga and Anime

Manga is Japanese comics which are normally printed in black and white while Anime is Japanese animation with diverse of colour, movement and sounds that bring anime to life. Anime ( ア ニ メ), the word "animation" means "cartoon" also known under the name Japanese animation, as the Japanese animated film. Many people mispronounce this word. It is pronounced as ‘ani-may’ often misread as ‘an-eye-m’. When you hear "anime," images of large eyes, funny and colourful hair, and peculiar fashion come to mind. Like the more internationally renowned anime series Pokémon is One Piece, one of the longest running anime series was derived from manga written by Eiichiro Oda. Most visitors to Japan simply skim the surface of manga and anime by visually appreciating the characters which pop up wherever you go with no real knowledge of who they are. However, a little research into this fantasy world can enrich your time in Japan as your knowledge of characters will create instant common ground with Japanese people you may meet and you will find yourself actively searching for and spotting the characters you know. 

If you do decide to dive deeper into these vast worlds then be careful: once you are in it is very difficult to find your way out and before you know it, you may be considered (or even call yourself) an otaku. Anime, like drama, including a lot of different genres (action, comedy, melodrama, adventure). Currently "anime" occupies 60% of the cartoon was produced worldwide. In Japan, anime is mainly on television (in Japan, most of the channels are private). The anime series aired on TV often found seasonal (season), known as the TV series, each half season usually includes 12 episodes (episodes), so the 12-episode TV series often (half season) or 26 set (one season), or 52 sets (two seasons). There are individual so long as InuYasha anime (167 episodes), Doraemon, or Naruto, and Bleach newest. 

Anime often aired at midnight, on the famous channel TV Tokyo, TBS. Having premiered on TV channels, production companies often give voice to anime in English and released DVDs in foreign markets in order to earn more profit. Japan is the only country where the audience is often go to theaters to watch the cartoons shown on screens (called Movie). These films may have a completely new storyline (like Princess Mononoke, and Spirited Away), or sometimes just a film stripped of a TV series (Movie Shakugan no Shana Rahxephon or content exactly the same TV series, but was shortened to 90 minutes). Movie studios most famous anime Studio Ghibli. Also, the anime can have "OVA" (Original Video Animation), usually of about 3 or 4 episodes.

Further information:

• https://www.insidejapantours.com/japanese-culture/manga-and-anime/
• http://www.manna-anime.com/faq.html
• http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2070.html

Japanese Bathrooms & Etiquette

The etiquette and practices when using a Japanese bathroom or ‘ofuroba’ are very similar to that of an onsen. If you recall from our onsen article, the Japanese love to soak in the warm relaxing waters of the hot springs, but not everyone can go to an onsen every day. The solution? Well of course you turn your own bathroom into a personal yet diversified relaxation room – or shall I say rooms! Firstly, the typical Japanese household will have 3 individual spaces (or rooms) for the sink, the toilet, and the bathroom itself. Every anime fan knows of the traditional tatami rooms and Japanese bathing culture which is quite different from the western world. Because the bathwater is used for relaxation and is usually kept warm (often through technological means in modern day Japan) it is primarily kept clean for the whole family. How you ask? Well the first area which includes change area and the sink in which a place to rinse and wash your body and then proceed to the next room/area with the bathtub. Some toilet rooms include a completely separate sink so to keep it all in check regarding dirt and bacteria.

If you’re a little more removed from the traditional low tech Japanese bathroom, it would really pay off to check out the high tech ones which even fit in a small apartment building. I would highly recommend you to watch the video link below and gather a really clear idea of what goes on in Japan and this awesome practice.

For more reading check out these links:

• http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2002.html
• http://www.japantoday.com/category/lifestyle/view/12-awesome-features-of-japanese-bathrooms-you-wont-find-in-the-west

Origami

Origami (折り紙) means paper folding in Japanese. In Edo period, origami started being popular among common people. Then, it has become an art form which has been passed down through several generations.  The principal purpose is to change a flat square paper into a finished object by folding it.  Modern origami style doesn’t usually include cutting or markings on the paper.  The object can be animals, birds, fish, flowers or other shapes. Indeed, learning origami is mostly so easy that even very young children can make in a few minutes. In Japan, at one time origami was taught in schools but today, children are generally taught origami at home. 

Actually, origami can bring children mathematical interest because of its symmetric shape and develop insights along with passing down traditional art form. People celebrate national holidays with colourful origami decorations made by the family. On children's day, children make colourful paper carp as a carp recognized to swim upstream, against the current. This symbolizes vitality of children. On Tanabata day, The Star Festival is celebrated. Origami stars decorate bamboo branches. The most well-known and popular origami object is the crane. It has been created by several generations thanks to its ease. Almost every origami guide book has how to make the crane.  

Paper crane has become the international symbol of peace. In Japan almost every child has learned how to make the crane at least once. Some people try to make tiny paper cradle to show off dexterity. Interestingly, you will see a bunch of paper cradles at patient’s rooms in a hospital. It is called Senbazuru (千羽鶴) which means a thousand of cradles. It has the belief that senbazuru brings curing of illness. Therefore, a patient gets a thousand of paper cradles piled up created by his family or friends even though it takes much time to complete.

Ikebana – The Art of Flower Arrangement

Ikebana (生け花) is an art form of flower or plant arrangement that began in the Heian period in which flowers and plants are particularly set in a vase for showing appreciation. It is said the arts like Ikebana were developed as Japanese people had been close to nature. In Ikebana, not only flowers but also grass, trees, and all different kinds of plants can be used unlike flower arrangements. Practically, people arrange flowers to look more beautiful and tidier overall with other materials. People in Japan enjoy its seasonal events with decorated flowers Therefore, Ikebana, the unique culture, originated as Japan has distinctive four seasons. Ikebana has been popular among many generations as a hobby. Actually, there are about more than 30000 styles in Ikebana. Also, women have learnt Ikebana as a part of bridal training. Even some schools take Ikebana as classes to train student’s minds. 

People sometimes run across Ikebana exhibitions at exhibition spaces at department stores, train stations and post offices. In Ikebana world, flowers and plants represent human life and express its beauty and preciousness. They also represent surroundings of humans, such as heaven and earth, so, practitioners need to arrange them in a good balance. In fact, people think flowers, which bloom strongly even on windy or raining days, have souls like human beings do. There is a traditional way of observing other’s Ikebana. Firstly, you will bow once towards the flower with Seiza (正座), sitting on your heels. Then, you will overview the structure first, and enjoy watching in detail like arrangement of the flowers, harmony with flower base and garden tub. Finally, you will bow to the person who created the work to show appreciation.

Here are some reading suggestion for further interest in Ikebana:

• http://www.ikebanahq.org/whatis.php
• http://web-japan.org/kidsweb/virtual/ikebana/ikebana01.html
• http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2098.html

Shinto

Shinto Shrines

Shinto (神道) means the way of the gods. It is the ethnic religion of Japanese people rooted 6th century B.C.E. along with Buddhism. Shinto does not have a founder, sacred text like the bible nor official doctrine. It has contributed to develop unique Japanese attitudes and sensitivities as well as distinct Japanese consciousness. Shinto worshipers are supposed to get peacefully along with both nature and other humans. That’s why Shinto have existed in good balance with other religions. Gods of Shinto are called kami (神). They are sacred spirits which form nature, such as mountains, rain, wind, trees, rivers and even geographic regions. Therefore, people worship nature so that they think it has gods inside itself. Humans become kami after death and are admired by their descendants. In this regard, kami have the abstract forces in nature, not like the gods with human shapes having clear power found in Western religions. There are lots of Shinto shrines which are regarded as the homes of kami. Practitioners throw one coin like 5 yen toward wooden box called saisen (賽銭). Then, they have things to do, bowing twice, clapping hands twice and then bowing once again. 

This behaviour means that people show respect for kami by bowing twice and they summon kami to clap hands. Then, they prey or wish anything like good health or academic achievement. After that, they show appreciation and send kami back to nature by bowing once. Paper fortunes called O-mikuji (おみくじ) are available at shrines. People rely on O-mikuji to predict the chances of succeeding their dreams, of marriage, good health, etc. When they get bad prediction, commonly, they fold up the strip of paper and tie it to a pine tree or a wall of metal wires. Actually, pine tree (松 matsu) and the verb 'to wait' (待つ matsu) sound the same in Japanese, so the bad luck will stay at the pine tree attached the paper.

Good Fortune Note

For a more detailed inquiry into this topic visit these great sites:

• http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2056.html 
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/shinto/
• http://www.patheos.com/Library/Shinto
• http://www.religioustolerance.org/shinto.htm

Japanese Names and Titles

Do you know any Japanese names? Most Japanese names are composed of first name and family name. Different thing from Australia is that family name is followed by first name. In that sense, first name turns to ‘last name’ as middle names aren’t commonly used. As a matter of fact, family names vary. In Japan, Sato, Suzuki, Takahashi, Tanaka and Watanabe are the most common family names. Actually the family names have meanings come from locations, nobles and nature. For instance, one of our bloggers, Kohei’s family name is Nishimura (西村) standing for ‘western village’ as Nishi (西) means west and Mura (村) means village.

In terms of first name, parents name new baby as they like. First names usually include positive meanings like wish, love, elegance, intelligence and so on.  Kohei (康平) consists of two words, representing Ko (康) as good health combined with hei (平) implying wish for world peace according to his parents. As parents can give any name for baby, problems has occurred currently. Here is an example. A baby is named Pikachu (光宙) as his parents like Pokémon. It sounds lovely name, but when it comes to workplace, he might be looked down by the boss or even colleague because it’s unusual name and sounds undisciplined.

People in Japan commonly put one of several honorific suffixes at the end of names to address each other except when they are close. San (さん) mostly can be appropriate as it implies gender- neutral. On the other hand, kun (君) is only applied for males while chan (ちゃん) is for kids or females. In most elementary schools, teachers put san on every student’s name whenever they call in order avoid gender discrimination.

Japanese Literature and Poetry

Stop what you’re thinking. Although the topic may be of “Literature” which some people might not be so hyped up to read about, this is Japanese literature and you may be surprised to find an interesting fact or two – or your money back guarantee – just kidding, no refunds. If that were to be the case perhaps a Haiku or two might change your mind. In the Edo period, it was the renowned seventeenth century poet Matsou Basho who perfected a new condensed poetic form of 17 syllables (5-7-5) known as haiku, an embodiment of elegant simplicity and tranquillity.

At a time when Japan had no written language, Chinese literature was introduced. Early work was heavily influenced by Chinese literature, but Japan quickly developed a style and quality of its own. Japanese literature consists of almost two millennia (two thousand years) worth of scriptures - however vague the first millennium might have been. It is the body of written works produced by Japanese authors which is regarded as one of the major literatures of the world, comparable in age, richness, and volume to English literature.

A rich collection of folklore derived in a rural village named Tono had transcribed the oral tradition into a collated book in the early nineteenth century involving legends of spirits, animals and supernatural creatures – the book was dubbed the ‘Legends of Tono’. Story telling performances (in Japanese) at these folk villages, museums and at some of the hotels around town illustrate the wonderful inner working of this special folklore. Unfortunately the oral nature of the early seventh century poetry meant that it couldn’t be transcribed and almost entirely lost.   

After the renaming of the city of Edo to Tokyo, Emperor Meiji would seek knowledge from the entire world. The Kojiki (record of Ancient Matters: myths, legends, and other stories,) and Nihon shoki (chronological record of history) were completed in 712 and 720, respectively, as government projects. Man'yoshu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), an anthology of 4,500 poems composed by people ranging from unknown commoners to emperors.

For hours of reading and a complete knowledge-base on the topics visit these great sites:

• http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2110.html
• http://www.britannica.com/art/Japanese-literature
• http://www.gojapango.com/culture/japanese_literature.html
• http://www.tofugu.com/2014/08/05/a-crash-course-in-japanese-poetry/
• http://www.kanzaki.com/jinfo/jliterature.html
• http://www.gojapango.com/japanese_language/kanji.htm 

Japanese Architecture & Tatami Rooms

Generally speaking, Japan’s weather is mild in winter, hot and humid in summer. In addition, Japan is situated in a volcanic zone, where earthquakes is inevitable. Thus, wood has been the main component to Japanese architecture. However, as the influence of western architecture, there are changing in the way they design the buildings, expanding in usage of concrete and steel. Let’s have a further look into its history and transformation due to time changing and trend.

Traditional Architecture

At early stage, dwelling were built directly over an earth floor with a wood foundation and a thatched straw roof. Built in the earth ground explains why the floor may have hollow and it is called “pit dwelling”. Then at Jomon period, because of expanding in population and increasing in rice farming, the houses were built on stilts to avoid mice, especially for granaries. The rich of Japanese architecture is reflected by shrines and temples. These were influence by the arrival of Buddhism from China in the 6th century. During time, they were increasing design to suit local tastes. However, natural disasters and they lost overtime, only few are existing under strict reservation. It would be a pity if tatami room is not mentioned when talking about Japanese homes. It is named tatami room because of its unique interior design with tatami mats as flooring. Once upon a time, it is served as study rooms for wealthy only because it costs an arm and a leg. The tatami mat is suitable with Japan’s unique climate and help regulate interior humidity, this leads to common use of every home.

 Modern Architecture

Growth of big cities and Western influence, the contemporary architecture appear with appearances of skyscrapers and creative buildings. They could be a combine between traditional materials and concrete, steel.The nature of small cities with high population leads to a result of side by side buildings.

 Fore further information check out these great links:

• http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2111.html
• http://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/indepth/cultural/experience/a.html
• http://www.busyboo.com/tag/japanese-architecture/

Tatami rooms:

• http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2007.html
• http://www.apartmenttherapy.com/quick-history-tatami-matsretro-154420

Kabuki

Kabuki (歌舞伎) is a classical Japanese play beginning in the Edo Period, about 400 years ago. It is regarded as one of Japans three major traditional plays along with Noh (能) and Bunraku (文楽). In fact, Kabuki was chosen as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2009. That’s why I should introduce this important Japan’s culture. The actors put glittering costumes and eccentric wigs on and stand out through bizarre make-up. The highlight of kabuki is the exaggerated actions performed by the actors. Kabuki’s contents are usually based on historical events, sympathetic dramas, love stories and common people’s lives. Interestingly, only a part of a whole story (usually the best part) is performed in one show. Therefore, Kabuki fans read a little about the story to get ready to understand fully before heading for the play. Some theatres allow buying headsets with English narrations and description. Women used to be allowed to perform in kabuki. However, Tokugawa shogunate prohibited women to play, and until today it has been performed only by men. So some male actors play female role by making-up well - called onnagata (女形).

There are dynamic stage sets, such as revolving platforms and trapdoors, helping actors appear/disappear when changing a scene. Another uniqueness of the kabuki stage is a footbridge, called hanamichi (花道) enabling them to reach the audience, which allows dramatic entrances or exits. Also, live music performed using traditional instruments like syamisen (三味線) makes peculiar atmosphere. Currently, there are several kabuki theatres in Japan, including Tokyo, Kyoto and Fukuoka. Each day’s performance usually has two or three segments (one in the early afternoon and one towards the evening), and each segment is further separated into acts. Depending on the seat position, the price of ticket varies and at the highest, the ticket can be about $300. 

For more hot information on the hilarious demeanor that is Kabuki, check out these links:

• http://www.unmissabletokyo.com/kabuki-za
• http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2090.html

Tea Ceremony

“Chanoyu” – A Traditional Art

The origin of tea ceremony is from drinking green tea and Buddhist belief in China from fourth century to the eighth century, what is then transformed during different periods of time to become a traditional art of Japanese people. They hold different types of tea ceremony which depend on the time of day, season of the year or in some specific occasions. It could be a tea ceremony for early-morning summer, or to celebrate the first use of the portable brazier in the year. The styles of preparation for the tea ceremony is also vary based on season or the formality of events. Japanese Tea ceremony is not a drinking tea meeting or else, it is a spiritual experience that includes harmony, respect, purity and tranquility. Therefore, there are a lot of rules to prepare and take part in the ceremony. 

An authentic example would be guests have to wait at the waiting room until the host done the preparation. Then they have to wash their hands and mouths from water in a stone basin to purify. They have to get in the tea room or tea house through a small gate in order to force them bow while they entry the room, the host will give back a silent bow. Then they have a range of steps and rules to really enjoy the tea. Depend on informal or formal they will serve guests with sweets and then tea or a full three course meal with sake and then tea. To become master of the art of Japanese tea ceremony, it takes years to learn and practice at tea schools. People have to learn common hosting duties, how to enter and exit the tea room probably, appropriate behavior when handling or drinking from the tea bowls.

For more information check out these links below:

• http://japanese-tea-ceremony.net/preparation/
• http://www.teavana.com/tea-info/japanese-tea-ceremony
• http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2096.html

Ninja

The conspicuous covert warriors known as Ninja (忍者) specialized in unconventional warfare. Otherwise known referred to as shinobi (meaning those who act in stealth) had been around as early as the eleventh century. This was around the age of the samurai venturing through and well beyond the sixteenth century. Unlike the Samurai the Ninja were not given an honourable image because of their mercenary class skill level and expertise in said warfare. Samurai warlords often would seek the assistance of the Ninja hidden in the remote villages of Iga and Koka. Now these villages serve as museums in which original buildings and training grounds still exist.

Ninja specialized in infiltration, sabotage, and assassination of samurai feudal lords. Ninjutsu is an art form referring to the many attributes of the ninja such as stealth, combat skills, vast knowledge of poisons and weapons control. Military strategy, meteorology and geometry were a part of their expert tracking and sense of direction. Female ninja were amongst the most prominent, especially when it came down to infiltration during the night 

There is little factual information about ninja and thus many rumours and mysteries remain unanswered. So much so that anime and manga utilize these as a fun way of interpretation through shows such as Naruto. Ninja remained active until the beginning of the Edo Period when social order was restored. Jinichi Kawakami is the 21st head of the Ban clan and he says the ninja way will die with him as ninja do not fit in with modern day japan.

 

Jinichi Kawakami - 21st head of the Ban clan

Read more at these great sites to paint a clear mental picture of the truly skilled Ninja:

• http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2295.html
• http://web-japan.org/kidsweb/explore/history/q4.html
• http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2316547/Japans-ninja-Jinichi-Kawakami-63-hear-needle-drop-room-kill-20-paces.html

Kareoke

Karaoke and Idol Girl Group

Karaoke has been enjoyed in the world. Indeed, it’s originated in Japan. Karaoke means empty orchestra. You will pick a song up and type it on the machine. Then, the song will be played in the background and you’ll sing it with a microphone. Most times you will do Karaoke with friends and there is two microphones at Karaoke room so that you can sing by yourself or with your friend. By the way, how to do Karaoke well? It’s easy! You just pick up songs that match with your voice. In Japan, people especially young like picking Japanese idol’s songs. Do you know any Japanese idol girl? 

There are so many idol girl groups in Japan. They sing, dance and talk on the TV program. You will see lots of idol CDs, concert DVDs, ads and other goods in Japan. Idol life usually begins at the age of 14 or 15. The weird thing is that 20 years old is regarded as ‘old’ so they retire idol life then. I’ll talk about the most famous and popular one, AKB48. At first, AKB48 was composed by 48 members but they have increased members like 140 at the moment. They have own theatre in Tokyo so they perform daily in order to attract their fans. 

The interesting thing is that whenever they release a new song, they organize handshake events. If you buy a limited edition CD which includes a handshake ticket with new CD, you can participate in the handshake event. But, one ticket allows you talk and have a handshake in only a few minutes with your favourite girl. So many fans buy as many CDs as possible to get tickets and expand precious time with the idol. And AKB48 has a strict rule, which is prohibiting getting a boyfriend. People think idols are pure and immature so they should be virgins. But sometimes they break the law and disappoint their fans. Even though some crazy fans spend enormous money to support a favourite girl, they can be betrayed.
For more Karaoke and Idol Girl group info visit:

• http://www.jpopasia.com/group/akb48/
• http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2066.html

Sumo - The traditional sport

I bet you’ve been heard about Sumo, or big giant guys wear nothing but a thong pushing each other. Are you still vague about it? Let’s find out together. Sumo wrestling is Japan’s national sport which involves many aspects of Japanese culture. For example, the sumo wrestlers throw salt into the ring to purify the ring as they consider the ring as a sacred place. In contest, two sumo wrestlers will push, grapple and throw each other inside the circular ring. The first person who is out of the ring or touches the ground besides the soles of his feet loses. As the nature of this sport, the sumo wrestlers focus on weight gain during their training.

Sumo wrestlers wear a loincloth called “mawashi” is a heavy fabric underwear. The opposing wrestler can use various maneuvers to grab and hold onto to gain an advantage during matches. Although a contest usually lasts a few seconds, the wrestlers have to be experienced in a range of rules and restrictions to get into it. They have to live at stable, where they live and train throughout their career. They are expected to grow their hair to do topknot and wear traditional custom clothing when they are in public space. As can be seen, you can easily recognize them due to their body size and all these spots mentioned above. Attending a sumo contest in Japan is a lot more appealing than it sounds, as dedicated Japanese style (as well as traditional style) seating make for a lovely afternoon.

For more information about all things sumo related, including ticketing and arenas check out the links below:

• http://web-japan.org/kidsweb/virtual/sumo/sumo01.html
• http://www.livestrong.com/article/483679-what-do-sumo-wrestlers-wear-during-a-match/

Schedules and ticket sales:

• http://www.sumo.or.jp/en/
• http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2080.html

Baseball in Japan - Swing and Miss? Maybe not!

You might not have thunk it, but baseball is big in Japan! Baseball originated in America and adopted by Japan in the Meiji period over a century ago. The Tokyo Yomiuri Giants baseball club was one of the first clubs to be founded as early as 1934. Although the American sport was a quick favourite, it was given the Japanese touch when it came to the set of rules (Shuji). The two styles of baseball, both American and Japanese incorporate their respective country’s cultural ideals and profiles. Major League Baseball (MLB) is famous around the western world and while it keeps to a traditional style of rulings when it comes to referee’s decisions in which the calls are made by an individual. However the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) league in Japan follows are more flexible and fairer democratic decision making ideals, where a discussion is held before a disputable call is made, this is to settle both parties until a satisfying explanation is given. 

The NPB consists of twelve teams split into two leagues consisting of six teams each. The Central League pursues a more traditional set of rules whereas the Pacific League entails an exciting fast paced game series. The best part of course is the major play offs. The Climax Series is where the top three teams from each of the two leagues face-off in a hard hitting – well you guessed it – climax! Here comes the most interesting bit of Japanese baseball culture…

The Japanese live in dormitories, have one month off a year, and an extra week if their team wins the championship. The teams are all owned by major companies and as such, typically the average player is guaranteed a place into the organization after retiring from baseball. As was mentioned earlier, the ideal and profiles of the Japanese culture are of a group mentality where everyone can prove their worth and is always a part of the group until death much like the Bushido – The Samurai way.

Whilst living in the dormitories, players are not allowed to drink, smoke or (get this) - grow a moustache. The Japanese are strict on foreign players (gaijin) and each team is only allowed three gaijin players.
For more detailed information about the game including teams, seasons and ticketing visit these great sites:

• http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2081.html
• http://japanball.com/baseball/
• http://www.flashscore.com/baseball/
• http://www.umich.edu/~wewantas/brooke/differences.html

The Samurai's Legend

Contrary to the misconceptions, the legendary samurai (侍) were a military force with exceptional combat skills and swordsmanship, highly educated and polite, rather than just a small elite covert unit. Bushido(武士道) which is used to describe the spirit of samurai, referring to morals, most commonly stressing some combination of frugality, loyalty, martial arts mastery, and honour unto death. This legendary military force was of upper-class citizens whom served for the noble-class citizens to protect them from enemies and samurai even dare to die for them. They reined during the tenth to nineteenth century in Japan.

The samurai fought in many battles and as such, they would have their own military accordance’s and unlike being court martialled the samurai were subject to capital punishment. Seppuku(切腹) was a ritual suicide and reserved for Samurai. The process was that Samurai would puncture their abdomen and suffer from self disembowelment. Because it caused infinite pain, people believed that only the bravest Samurai could bear the suffering of Seppuku and referred this death penalty to the highest honour.

In Japanese history, only Samurai could wield Katana whereas civilians could only wield and possess daggers. Generally, Samurai brought a Katana and dagger to protect their lives. Samurai regarded the sheath (a close-fitting cover for their blade) as their honour, hitting the sheath would be treated as a disrespectful action.

In addition, Samurai's armour was also astonishing, and represented the taste of a Samurai; upper Samurai usually put their own family crest or special meanings on a set of armour or flag, especially helmet. The helmets were ordinarily made of metal with terrifying design as a demon. In modern day Japan, samurai are non-existent; however there are amazing Samurai towns which you can read about in the links below.

For a more detailed understanding on this topic and especially samurai towns check out these links:

• http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20150311-get-lost-in-japans-ancient-samurai-town
• http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2127.html
• http://www.artofmanliness.com/2008/09/14/the-bushido-code-the-eight-virtues-of-the-samurai/ 

Casual Yukata or Luxurious Kimono?

Every culture has their traditional clothing to be proud of and the yukata is no exception. Japan’s finest garments, reserved for special occasions are a sight to see, with many unique and benevolent designs. Firstly, there are two distinct traditional garments known as the kimono and the yukata. Kimonos in particular are worn at traditional weddings, tea ceremonies, formal events and funerals. However keeping true to the beautiful kimono is the yukata which is of a more casual attire. In modern day Japan, people often wear the yukata to summer festivals called “Omatsuri” which feature fireworks displays called “Hanabi taikai”.

Women's Yakuta and Omatsuri Summer Festival

Kimono_Hanabi taikai_Yakuta

Often when we think of traditional Japan images of cherry blossoms, the great Mt. Fuji, the legendary samurai, and even though many of us may not have been able to name them – the kimono and yukata come to mind. And at first glance the two may be indistinguishable to many foreigners. However if you pay attention to the finishing touches, the yukata resembles a robe, reflecting its original intended use, and is fastened around the waist with a sash called an obi. Literally translating to “bathing cloth” and its strong relation with Japanese onsen (natural hot springs) and ryokan (Japanese style Inns) the yukata portrays an authentic Japanese culture of the Edo period (1603 -1868) as they are typically provided by the ryokans and hotels for guests to wear about. For this reason, the yukata is usually made of cotton for absorbability and breathability.

Women's Kimono

The kimono on the other hand, is a luxurious endeavour made of the finest silk (although modernized polyester variations are available) characterised by artistic designs of embroidery, yuzen painting and dyeing. Kitsuke is the term addressing the many specific rules for when and how to wear kimono and yukata. The cultural etiquette of which kitsuke entails consists of perplexing steps to so much as wear either garment. Furthermore, an appropriate style and colour of kimono is to be worn depending on the occasion and the person's age and marital status. As such, a furisode which is another variation of the kimono may be worn by unmarried women throughout the year indicating their single status. On the other hand a komon can be worn by both married and unmarried females.

For a more detailed understanding on this topic and especially kitsuke etiquette check out these links:

• http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2101.html
• http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2103.html
• http://www.fromjapan.co.jp/blog/en/fashion/all-about-kimono-and-yukata-the-differences-how-to-wear-buy.html#whatyukata

Tip me if you can! - Good services without tips

We all love getting the recognition we deserve when doing a good job at work, and most of us would accept tips whenever the opportunity presents itself. Here in Australia tips are usually reserved for service orientated tasks and the situations in which tips are expected may vary. For example, you might not always tip when ordering your morning coffee, despite the tip jar unless you’re a regular and are having a good day. But when catching a cab and having a nice chat with the driver or having a business meeting in a fancy restaurant you may feel more inclined to tip – and it’s perfectly acceptable. However in Japan (and in many Asian countries) tipping someone for their good service isn’t as easy and effortless as you would expect it to be.

The Japanese believe that good service is the standard (as it should be) and so they embrace that customers should not pay extra. The custom of tipping is a bizarre one to them, because as the saying goes ‘The customer is king’. However if you really feel that your host deserves a tip, you may place the tip in a small envelope called otoshidama-bukuro or pochi-bukuro and offer it in this way. And to further express your gratitude - why not tell them? You can say ‘kore wa kimochi desu’ which roughly translates to 'I appreciate you' or in this instance, 'your service'. However in most cases if you were to leave the cheque on the table along with a tip, you just might be seeing your waiter chasing you down. So good luck finding an average and honest Japanese person that would even think of accepting your tip.

 In addition, like any business environment, competition with others which have similar quality and price level, differentiation is important. Restaurants and hotels focus on improving services for customers. On the other hand, competitors also develop services to win over customers so this makes synergistic effect on better services.

Onsen - Taking a Dip!

Japanese Onsen (Natural Hot Spring)

Occasionally we all love a good soaking  in the tub just to relax and break away from the routine showers and daily rushes, but in Japan it’s on a whole new level. Or rather an older one - a much older one. Japan is known for many hot springs and the Japanese have embraced them since the early 1600’s. The abundance of this natural geothermal resource is the very definition of tranquillity, relaxation and socialization. Onsen is the Japanese word for ‘natural hot springs’ and the resorts that been built around them. There is believed to be over 2,500 onsen and many have been preserved because Japanese people love taking a dip in them. It is strongly believed that onsen wield health benefits as they are naturally composed of a plethora of minerals – which also have their own curious properties.

Onsen are a special place to socialize with others, and unlike the usual spas, pools, hot tubs, or even beaches you may be used to going to, Japanese onsen have similar yet slightly more peculiar rules. It is usually frowned upon not to fully disrobe – meaning yup you guessed it – if you’re not getting nude, you sure are being rude! But before you worry too much, just remember that this is a part of their culture and that there are some onsen resorts which are private and cost a little more. Japanese love taking a dip as regular as once a month to twice a week.

Pushing the social etiquette aside, you can find onsen with black, blue, green, smoky-white, blood-red, and rustic-brown coloured waters which derive from the variations of those fantastic minerals. But don’t hesitate to try it just yet – the minerals are all safe enough to soak in. Of course those coloured onsen are usually based on the terrain they are found in – and that applies to their respective minerals too.

Blood-Red_Smoky-White_Rustic-Brown_Black_Blue Osen

Mountainous terrain usually holds the best views to relax while in a hot spring. Those onsen in the mountains usually contain sulphur and are pretty much the most common type of hot spring in Japan. Rotenburo-onsen is roughly translated to outdoor hot springs.

Green Onsen - Delicacy Hard Boiled Eggs

The numerous health benefits include the aiding of circulatory, digestive, or neurological disorders to muscular, joint or skin problems. But that’s not the curious part per se. A half hour session will both relax you and tire you out as  it supposedly consumes the same amount of energy as running 1,000 meters at full speed, and bathers are advised to rest sufficiently and replenish fluids after bathing. Some of the resorts offer hard boiled eggs hot spring style...and it is delicacy! It is no wander the Japanese have a knack for inventing great things! They are always so relaxed and rejuvenated! 

Check out these links for more detailed information on Onsen:

• http://www.alljapantours.com/go-attrcont.php?cid=13&sid=2&p=AI112212393
• http://www.traveller.com.au/six-of-the-best-japanese-onsens-2v85x
• http://www.bugbog.com/exotic_places/japan-travel-guide/japanese-baths.html

'Sealing' the deal? Sorry we don't take...Signatures???

In western society culture we are accustomed to using signatures to authorise a payment, enter a contract, or simply just to declare that you have received that package you have been waiting for from the courier at your doorstep. And if you’re a business man or woman chances are you are familiar with business stamps containing a whole lot of general information about the company name, contact details, address etc. But did you know that in Japan, the use of stamps are a mandatory replacement of the traditional signature?

The use of a personal name stamp called Hanko is common practice for all Japanese who are signing an official document. The term, meaning ‘seal’ is interchangeably used with Inkan – which also roughly translates to stamp or ‘seal’. So how did this all come about? In old times, the government enforced the law to use the seal without signing because some people were illiterate.

Getting your hands on a Hanko is quite easy as they are available from the 100 Yen store – don’t worry 100 Yen is just over one Australian Dollar. The Inkan is a stamp of the holders’ surname – mandatory for the Japanese. And it’s for this reason that you can obtain one in the 100 Yen store – because there are a lot of common last names. Custom-made Inkan can be made for those who can’t find what they’re looking for (which is basically their name). Weird right? But hey! Don’t forget that in Australia we can buy novelty plates with common names on them from the local news agency.

If you’re asking yourself how can buying a cheap signature stamp be as assuring as a unique, traditional identifying signature? Rest assured because more important documents require more identifying information alongside your Inkan. If you plan to visit Japan for the short-term, you don’t need a Hanko and can sign instead. But as the saying goes…monkey see, monkey do!

If you wold like to read more about the uses of the Hanko/Inkan check out the links below.

• http://jpninfo.com/15311
• https://japan-cc.com/hanko.htm
• http://www.thejapanguy.com/what-is-a-hanko-what-is-an-inkan/